SCIENCE & EDUCATION

The article describes an experimental setup for studying the laser fluorescence method for control of stress situations for plants. Fluorescence spectra of lawn grass are presented in normal and various stress conditions during fluorescence excitation at the wavelength of 532 nm induced by anthropogenic soil pollution. It is shown that influence of stress factors induced by soil pollution on plants transforms the fluorescence spectrum significantly; these results could be used as a basis for a new laser method for remote control of plants’ condition.

This article describes development of an algorithm for recognizing assembly parts which can be used in computer vision systems of robotized manufacturing units. The problem of development has several distinctive features. First of all, assembly units have a fairly simple shape. That means their contours characterize their shape in a unique fashion. Secondly, all assembly units to be recognized are placed on an open conveyer belt and are oriented randomly. This problem formulation allows to use various recognition algorithms based on the contour analysis. This approach eliminates all inner points of images from the analysis; it leads to reduction in the volume of processing information at the expense of transition from two-variable function analysis to one-variable function analysis.

The authors present a design of a magnetic bearing including ring permanent magnets and high-temperature superconductor (HTS) elements which ensure passive rotor stabilization. Various options of the bearing’s construction were considered; their power and stiffness properties were calculated. The bearing design with bipolar magnetic systems of central and peripheral ring permanent magnets with an opposite magnetization has a maximum load capability. The prototype of the bearing element confirming working-capacity of the proposed bearing construction was manufactured and tested.

The article deals with classification of oil slicks on the earth surface. The authors provide experimentally obtained fluorescence spectra of pure oil and petroleum products; of various earth surfaces that are not polluted with oil; of oil and petroleum products spilled on various earth surfaces. It is shown that the use of the method based on detection of fluorescent radiation in five narrow spectral ranges allows to detect and classify oil slicks on the earth surface with probability of correct detection and correct classification close to one.

The paper describes the problem of gas reconstruction in laser analysis of multicomponent gas mixtures with essentially different gas concentration. Signal processing procedures based on the projective method are described. Usage of the projective method allowed to solve the problem of gas reconstruction efficiently for multicomponent gas mixtures in cases of distinctions in gas concentrations by one or two orders of magnitude and even more.

In this article the authors propose a new approach to information and metrological support and assessment of technical condition of metal-cutting machines, based on a phase-chronometric method. A phase-chronometric information measuring system for the UT16P machine was created. The authors carried out studies of operation of the UT16P machine by measuring kinematic parameters of rotation of a spindle with application of the phase-chronometric method. Results of measurements during processing of a cylindrical work piece made of steel ShH15 with a firm alloy T15K6 are presented. The authors obtained steady diagnostic signs in the form of ranges of spindle’s natural oscillation frequency.

This paper describes the results of investigations which can be used for developing devices for high-accuracy measurement of transverse objects’ movement distance to which can vary significantly. In order to tackle this problem one can use the method based on measuring the location of a test optical signal projected onto the surface of the object by an afocal optical system. With the use of a mathematical model of the afocal optical system under the conditions of coherent illumination the influence of its parameters on distribution of intensity in the image with defocusing was analyzed. It was shown that a combination of parameters of the afocal optical system could be selected in such a manner that distribution of intensity in the image doesn’t depend on defocusing.

This paper presents results of developing a segmentation method and algorithm for microscopic images of breast immunocytochemical smears; this method is the key stage in creating a system of smears’ automated analysis. The developed segmentation method was adapted to the currently used method of preparing immunocytochemical smears and provided an opportunity to work with microscopic images of smears with different color-luminance characteristics. The obtained results will allow to objectify quantitative assessment of immunocytochemical reactions and contribute to widespread usage of this type of analysis in clinical practice.

A new relationship was developed to connect thermal conductivity of the AlSiC metal matrix composite (MMC) material with its sponginess studied by methods of equilibrium adsorption, optical and scanning microscopy and with chemical composition of its matrix alloy. It was shown that the process of obtaining AlSiC MMC was steady and reliable within the wide range of matrix alloys. However, direct dependence of heat conductivity on sponginess of AlSiC MMC was not established in certain cases. A basic manufacturing technology of heat-removing bases for AlSiC MMC was developed; further studies are aimed to development of an industrial technology. AlSiC MMC is applied in heat-removing products in the pulse power electronic industry and converter equipment. This is the first report which shows the role of sponginess of AlSiC MMC affecting its heat conductivity. The obtained data allow to formulate offers for improving heat conductivity parameters of MMC AlSiC.

The authors consider the main method of creating thermally isolated structures of sensors of physical quantities made according to MEMS technologies, that is electrostatic anodic bonding. It was shown that the main reason for a small percentage of production of suitable thermally isolated structures manufactured by a method of electrostatic anodic bonding is unevenness of physical and chemical properties across the whole surface of semi-conductor and corresponding glass plates. The authors propose improvement of the anodic bonding method; designs for adaptations were developed for implementing this improvement. The proposed designs were manufactured and probed. Results confirming the possibility of increase in percentage of production of suitable thermally isolated structures of sensors of physical quantities with the use of the method of electrostatic anodic bonding were obtained.

This article presents a description of a measuring plan for estimating metrological characteristics of a measuring channel for operation of a complex technical object where there is a restriction on access to its primary transducers due to repair intervals. In these conditions it is necessary to evaluate metrological characteristics of measuring channels while machines and mechanisms operate. In this case, controlled parameters of the measuring channel must be independent of the features of the device operation and external actions. The proposed method is implemented with the use of multi measurement and measurement planning processes. The quality of the measuring process relative to the systematic error and dispersion using a test signal is also evaluated.

This article presents an approach to metrological support of data measuring systems operating under field conditions of technical objects where there is a restriction on the access to their primary transducers due to repair intervals. Calibration intervals of measuring devices often don’t correspond to repair intervals. Under the circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate metrological characteristics of measuring channels while machines and mechanisms operate. In this case controlled parameters of the measuring channel must be independent of the features of the device operation and external actions. The proposed method is implemented with the use of multi measurement and measurement planning processes. The quality of the measuring process relative to the systematic error and dispersion using a test signal is also evaluated.

 Problems of constructing a model of sphygmic mechanism of cardiovascular system are considered in this article. The model is based on information received from an electrocardiogram, phonogram and pulsogram. Signals are processed in interrelation and with the use of the Volterra neural network.

In this article errors of modern means of onboard measurements and registration are analyzed. Equations of spatial movement of the plane, which are expedient to use for identification of errors of onboard measurements, are distinguished. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the form of a computer program with a developed graphic interface that defines its practical importance. Results of approbation of the algorithm presented in the article and based on flight test data display possibilities of the proposed approach and the main methodical receptions of identification with its help of errors of onboard measurements.

The authors consider aspects of studying time characteristics of scintillation detectors. They propose using synchrotron radiation to excite scintillation measurements to ensure the decay time of scintillation detectors with subnanosecond time resolution.

The article covers a laser method of measuring thickness of thin metal films on a transparent insulating substrate, based on the measurement of transmittance of a four-layer system "air (vacuum) - metal film - insulating base - air (vacuum)." Mathematical modeling results show that when measuring transmittance of a four-layer system "air (vacuum) - metal film - insulating base - air (vacuum)" at the wavelength of 515 nm, thickness determination of gold nanofilms on a quartz substrate is possible to a precision of  not more than 2% in the film thickness range  of 5 – 70 nm.

The authors analyzed fluorescence spectra of healthy vegetation and greenery under stress caused by lack of nutrients or presence of contaminants in soil. It is shown that use of fluorescence emission in the green or blue-green regions of spectrum and registration of fluorescent radiation in three narrow spectral ranges with central wavelengths of 680, 740 and 700 nm allows reliable detection of vegetation stress.

The article describes principles of selecting informative features for classification of optical images of complex surface facilities. The authors justify the selection of classes of objects using ellipsoidal estimation. They developed criteria for qualitative selection of the classifier attribute vector answering questions of resistance of classes to noise impact, of compact description of classes using ellipsoids of dispersion, of an essential dimension of the feature vector. The authors propose a science-based approach to selection of informative features of the signal classifier based on the concept of entropy of information theory and ellipsoidal estimation.

The authors consider possibilities of aircraft landing on unprepared airfields and sites using radar (SAR) with synthetic aperture and beacons. They study two methods which estimate the aircraft coordinates and parameters. The proposed algorithms provide landing meteorological conditions of categories I-II of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

This article examines research (using models) of the control algorithms efficiency in statistical control methods. Ratio of variances before the regulation process and after was chosen as an optimality criterion. At the same time, relative effectiveness of algorithms with different structure was considered.