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scientific edition of Bauman MSTU

SCIENCE & EDUCATION

Bauman Moscow State Technical University.   El № FS 77 - 48211.   ISSN 1994-0408

# 09, September 2012

Machine Building and Engineering Science

Vibration isolation control in precision equipment
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0454475
V.P. Mihailov, K. G Shakov, A.S. Selivanonko, A.M. Bazinenkov
The article presents assessment of damping properties of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers under their exposure to a magnetic field. The authors study the efficiency of vibration energy absorption by MR elastomers with the use of the obtained dependences of mechanical hysteresis. The results of experimental studies of the active damper are based on the MR elastomer.
Application of the Taylor test to research dynamic mechanical properties of highly porous aluminum alloy
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0442058
G.V. Belov, A.P. Gusarov, V.A. Markov, V.A. Pusev, A.F. Ovchinnikov, V.V. Selivanov, M.Yu. Sotskii
Application of the Taylor test (cylinder) allowed to obtain experimental data on dynamic behavior of volume-perforated samples of the aluminum alloy D16T at an impact velocity against a hard wall of up to 150 m/s. To calculate the impact, software packages LS-DYNA and ANSYS AUTODIN in two versions were used. The first variant included direct modeling of the structure of volume-perforated samples by the finite element method, and the second variant included using constitutive equations of porous elastoplastic medium based on a homogeneous model. For the second calculation variant the authors applied both experimental data in the form of a deformation curve obtained for uniaxial stress state and calculation data based on numerical simulation of deformation and compression of volume-perforated samples. The authors received a good qualitative agreement between the calculated and experimental data in the Taylor test, as well as a satisfactory quantitative agreement between the calculated and experimental results.
Research of properties of magnetorheological fluids and their use in movement and vibroinsulation devices
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0434696
A.M. Bazinenkov, V.A. Dober, V.P. Mihailov
 In order to move objects with submicron accuracy and vibration control of equipment, in modern precision equipment precision positioning mechanisms based on magnetorheological fluids (MRF) can be successfully applied. It is shown that the work of these mechanisms have a significant impact on the properties of the fluid and, in particular, on electrical resistance and the bulk modulus of elasticity. It was found that with application of an external field to MRF electrical resistance decreases by 30% and the bulk modulus increases by 18%.

Constructional Material Processing in Machine Building

Development of technology and research of quality of sharpening of precision cutting tools made of ultra-hard materials
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0482398
V.V. Lapshin, S.V. Grubyy
 The article describes the process of sharpening of precision cutting tools made of ultra-hard materials for ultra-precise cutter-grinding machines. These are the requirements to be met by the sharpened surface and by the means by which they are achieved. The authors present the results of their research of the quality of sharpened surfaces, and the results of tests of different cutters operations. 
Creation of highly specialized tools for processing coarse-pitch tooth gears
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0476159
L.L. Artyuhin, N.A. Vetrova, O.S. Ott, M.A. Nadol'skii
The authors consider a modular disk instrument which operates by the rolling method and allows to perform the final machining of tooth gears, especially coarse-pitch ones, using manufacturing capabilities of modern numerical program control (NPC) equipment. The authors developed and studied the method of processing side faces of tooth gears coarse-pitch profile on NC machine tool by means of tooth generation with disk carbide tools, in the absence of a rigid kinematic connection between the rotating cutter and workpiece, applying speeds which are rational for carbide cutting. The results of testing the tool in the laboratory are given in the article. The authors carried out complex estimation of accuracy of the obtained wheel which was processed with special built-up tooling.

Power Machine Building, Metallurgical Machine Building and Chemical Engineering

Study of a loop heat pipe evaporator
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0453646
A.A. Yakomaskin
Development of loop heat pipes (LHP) is connected with their miniaturization. To reduce thickness of the CTT it is necessary to optimize the evaporation zone. For this purpose, a pilot evaporator open to the atmosphere was created; it consists of a microchannel plate with intercostal length of 300 micrometers, a wick and a compensation chamber. The area of the heat supplier is 19x19 mm. Water is a heat carrier. The experiments provided data on temperature distribution along the height of the wick, on temperature in the compensation chamber and on temperature of a microchannel plate surface. These data offer opportunities to further optimize the evaporation zone, which will create thinner evaporators.
Reliability, main mailfunctions and causes of failures of high pressure pumps in accumulator fuel systems of diesel engines
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0453572
E.M. Tausenev, A.E. Svistula
Development of high pressure fuel pumps for Common Rail (CR) was not in the focus of studies until 1997.In fact, problems of efficiency, resource, cost and simplicity were significant. In this paper much attention is paid to malfunctions of the plunger drive in CR high pressure fuel pumps. The authors consider the question of using desaxial in CR high pressure fuel pumps. The authors give the main results of studying the desaxial cam gear pump system of immediate action. In it the desaxial significantly affects reliability. As of today, there are no evidence-based recommendations for selection of desaxial value in CR high pressure fuel pumps. The authors prove the relevance of research of desaxial eccentric mechanism used in them; the authors specify requirements for safety of CR high pressure fuel pumps and describe the main malfunctions and their causes.
Analysis of effective use of nitrous oxide as a fuel component for propulsion systems of small spacecrafts
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0450400
A.V. Voroneckii, K.Yu. Aref'ev
The paper presents the results of a system analysis of efficiency of nitrous oxide ( N2O ) as a fuel component for small spacecrafts (SSC). The authors define the criterion for mass efficiency of the propulsion system (PS) of small spacecrafts. They show the current global level of development of SSC  remote control. Application field of nitrous oxide in SSC  remote control was calculated, and mass efficiency of N2O application was quantitatively defined.

Transportation, Mining and Construction Machine Building

Mathematical model of prospective test and measurement exercise bench for development and evaluation of performance of special equipment fast cars
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0485231
A.N. Shleev, E.B. Sarach, I.A. Smirnov
The paper presents the structure and mathematical model of a prospective test and measurement exercise bench for development and evaluation of performance of special equipment of fast cars. The mathematical model of the stand includes a car dynamic model when driving on uneven terrain, and a model of the vibrational platform of the stand. The use of the model allows to adequately identify the driving power of a real stand.

Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling

Stabilization of affine systems with high transformability index to a quasicanonical form
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0467824
S.B. Tkachev, A.A. Shevlyakov
For nonlinear dynamical systems with scalar control the equilibrium point stabilization problem is considered using a transformation of the system in a regular quasicanonical form.  Affine systems are investigated which can be transformed to quasicanonical form with  transformability index greater then two.   Zero dynamics of the system are not asymptotically stable.  The virtual outputs method of stabilizing  feedback design is propagated on the above mentioned systems.
Presentation of push-down automation as oriented multigraphs
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0460973
A.I. Belousov, S.B. Tkachev
In the paper the presentation of push-down automation as oriented multigraphs is described. The language of  push-down automata, which is represented by its multigraph, is defined and equivalence of this definition with standard one is proved. In terms of this representation some properties of push-down automata (such as regularity  of  push-down stack strings set) are considered. 
The localization of invariant compact sets in one Sprott system
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0450278
A.N. Kanatnikov, O.V. Mihailova
The three-dimensional polynomial dynamical system dx/dt = y+z, dy/dt = -x+αy, dz/dt = x2-z with complex behavior is considered. In the particular case α = 0,5 this system reduces to one of systems with the chaotic behavior, which was found by J.C. Sprott. For the specified system the problem of localization of invariant compact sets, i.e. a problem of construction of such set in phase space of the system which contains all invariant compact sets of this system is solving. In article  the family of localizing sets for invariant compact sets is received using the functional method of localization proposed by A.P.~Krishchenko. The intersection of this family is found by numerical optimization methods.

Instrument Engineering, Metrology and Information-Measuring Devices and Systems

Modeling of zero signal compensation processes in MEMS gyroscope
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0476265
S.F. Konovalov, V.P. Podchezercev, Yu.A. Ponomarev
One of the most important characteristics of micromechanical gyroscopes is zero-signal value. Studies have shown that pattern shift to 1 micron (achievable accuracy of double-sided photolithography) results in appearance of zero signal corresponding to angular velocity of TLS which exceeds the measurement range. The main sources of this signal are: pendulum asymmetry and technological inaccuracy during manufacturing the SE elastic suspension. Influence of pendulum asymmetry on the zero-signal value can be minimized by design and technological measures. This article presents the results of investigations into the possibility of compensation of manufacturing defects of elastic suspension which are due to a shift of etching photomasks with double-sided photolithography used in manufacturing suspensions.
Study of thermal degradation of AuGeNi ohmic contacts of resonant tunneling diodes based on nanoscale AlAs / GaAs heterostructures
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0453636
M.O. Makeev, Yu.A. Ivanov, S.A. Meshkov, V.V. Nazarov
The authors conducted a study of thermal degradation of AuGeNi RTD ohmic contacts. They propose an analytical dependence of contact resistance of AuGeNi RTD ohmic contacts on temperature and time (valid at temperatures ≤ 300 ° C). It can be used to predict reliability of RTD and electronic devices based on it in the given operating conditions.
Design features of fusing devices for conventional artillery ammunition. Part 2 - Analysis of design of typical fusing devices of this kind of ammunition
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0452096
V.Ya. Kozlov
 The article considers design features of fuzing devices with conventional artillery ammunition. The author defines their interconnection with operating conditions of the munition, their dynamics and the nature of target. The author provides assessment of fuse functioning in their practical application during fighting. The “trademark” concept introduced by the author allowed to analyze design of typical fuses in these munitions and to reveal their fundamental differences from the design of fuses with a different type of ammunition. The material presented in the article is of great interest to graduate students of universities and industry experts.

Informatics, Computer Science and Management

Method of detecting anomalies in the source data at constructing a prognostic model of a decision tree in decision support systems
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0483269
V.I. Kuzovlev, A.O. Orlov
 The article describes methods of working with noise in the source data at constructing models of data analysis in decision support systems. The paper consists of five parts. The introduction describes the problem of presence of distortions in the input data when decision support systems are in operation. The authors set the task of research and development of methods of analyzing distortions in the data in the decision tree model. The second part of the paper is a survey of existing algorithms of decision trees and methods of work with corrupted data in them. Also the authors reviewed the literature on existing methods for anomaly search in data. The third part describes a method for estimating a local anomaly; the authors propose an extension of this method by using a new formula for calculating the distance between the values ​​of a categorical attribute. In the fourth part the authors propose a method for detection of anomalies in the source data at constructing a predictive model of the decision tree in decision support systems. In the conclusion, the results of the study are listed. 
Intellectualized aircraft control systems
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0476244
A.V. Proletarskii, E.Yu. Alekseeva
The authors present an original concept of synthesis of intelligent systems controlling dynamic objects; the concept is based on the theory of functional systems formulated by P.K. Anokhin. The authors propose an approach to synthesis of aircraft control systems, using intelligent technologies. In this article different types of intellectualized aircraft control systems are considered.  The authors investigated the most promising intellectualised management system with the acceptor of action which includes genetic algorithms. The authors propose structures of intellectualized control systems for advanced aircraft and consider a method for reducing computational cost for implementation of the genetic algorithm based on application of the procedure of crossing - meiosis.
Calculation of parameters of local transducers for measuring electrical conductivity variations of Earth
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0476222
O.I. Miseyk
The author considers problems of designing local transducers of specific electric conduction which are mounted in industrial impact zones. The author obtained the ratio for determining configuration of electrodes in local transducers which provide signal interference compensation. The author proposes a flowchart for transducers measuring electrical conductivity of the medium, on the basis of local transducers which have compensation of signal interference fields and fields of unperturbed medium. A comparative analysis of sensors based on local and integral transducers is given in the article.
Effects on second order phase lock of harmonic interference and additive noise
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0475444
A.A. Kovalchuk
The author analyzes statistical dynamics of continuous phase lock systems of second order in the presence of combined interventions. On the basis of the Markov unit of random processes (Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation), by using various approximations, the author obtained statistical properties of the phase-locked loop of second order. In the first place, this is probability density (PD) of the error signal, frequency of skips, as well as the mean difference between the oscillations of the controlled oscillator and the signal at the input of the combined action of phase lock as an additive mixture of signal, the sum of several harmonic noises and Gaussian noise. The author provides a comparison of characteristics of the phase locks of the 1st and 2nd order.
Multi-memetic modified hybrid ant algorithm for HCIAC continuous optimization
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0470529
A.P. Karpenko, K.A. Chernobrivchenko
This publication continues the authors’ work in the field of ant algorithms of global continuous optimization. The authors propose a modification of the known HCIAC algorithm which was proposed by J.Dreo and P. Syarri in 2007. This modification is based on a set of memes in order to make local search more efficient. The authors present the results of their research on effectiveness of the modified algorithm - HCIAC-M – during the search of global extremum of Rosenbrock and Rastrigin functions. As an example, the authors consider practical importance of optimization of the engine-generator system.
Application of static signature analysis to detect defects in web applications security
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0461281
N.V. Medvedev, A.S. Markov, A.A. Fadin
The article presents a signature analysis and its workability to detect security defects in a program code. The authors review typical security defects and techniques for detecting them. They developed a flow chart of the analyzer using signature analysis and data flow analysis for detection of program code defects. The proposed method can be applied in security analysis of web applications.
New design of active vibroprotective devices
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0455678
I.J. Bezbah, V.A. Melik-Shahnazarov, D.V. fiyanchuk, V.I. Strelov
The authors developed a new construction of active vibroprotective devices , which helps to overcome limitations of the active frequency range and maximum oscillation suppression ratio inherent in prior devices. It is shown that these restrictions are caused by a phantom signal of accelerometers’ tilt in the gravity field of the Earth. They propose a method of its compensation - so that with simple electronic circuits the lower boundary of the active range of vibroprotective devices decreases from 2 Hz to 0.2 Hz, and the maximum oscillation suppression ratio increases from 40 dB to 60 dB.
Decision-making support information for management of lifecycle projects for extended objects
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0455399
P.I. Pospelov, K.P. Randjit, V.B. Golubkova, I.A. Iorina
The article describes the current problems of formulating and solving decision-making problems in management of lifecycle projects for extended auto-road objects in the face of uncertainty, the need for them as an integral part in construction of an integrated automation system of industrial and construction enterprises.
Solution of interval mathematical models of technological processes
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0454499
T.A. Frolova, S.V. Frolov, D.S. Tulyakov
It is shown that an effective method of presenting undefined parameters of mathematical models are interval numbers. The authors propose algorithms for solving interval mathematical models of statics and dynamics which have lumped and distributed parameters. The algorithms are based on solving optimization problems. Implementation of the presented algorithms is demonstrated by material firing in a rotary kiln in which information on some of the parameters is set in the form of interval numbers. The method can effectively solve the problem of design and process control under uncertainty.
Impact on the phase-locked harmonic interference
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0453581
B.I Shahtarin, T.G. Aslanov
Effect of a harmonic interferer on phase-lock results in distortion of information received in input signals, and in the loss of stability of the phase-lock. The authors consider the influence of harmonic interference on synchronization processes in the first-order loop. Also the paper presents an analysis of cases of signal capture and the capture of the disturbance in the phase-lock.
Designing an information system to support career guidance processes at various levels
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0452460
M.Yu. Makarova
The author substantiates the relevance of creating an information system to support career guidance and gives a detailed description of the main stages of design process: creating a formal model of career, formulation of requirements for the system, creating a functional model of the system using the IDEF0 methodology, and development of a database structure. Special attention is paid to the mathematical description of vocational guidance through competencies. It is suggested that Internet technologies should be used as software. The author emphasizes that the results of the design are the basis for further development of algorithms and software implementation of the system.
Testing of pseudorandom sequence generators by using the three-dimensional Ising model
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0445380
S.V. Belim, A.Yu. Shereshik
The authors researched sensitivity of the Metropolis algorithm for the three-dimensional Ising model to the choice of a pseudorandom sequence generator. The authors show that shortcomings of pseudorandom sequence statistical properties result in the behavior of the Ising model that differs from the one predicted by methods of theoretical physics. It is shown that the Ising model can be used for testing pseudorandom sequence generators.

Optics

Realization of hybrid method of modulation in liquid crystal light modulator for optical holographic memory
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0455904
S.B. Odinokov, N.M. Verenikina, D.S. Lushnikov, V.V. Markin, A.Yu. Betin
The article considers problems of increasing density of information stored on optical-holographic discs and playback of data bits using a hybrid method of data page modulation. The authors carry out a theoretical and experimental analysis of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels used as space-time light modulators (STLM).
Research in calculation of the lens with wide achromatization
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0455859
V.G. Pospehov, A.V. Kryukov, D.S. Matveev
The subject of the study is optical systems operating in the extended spectral range, including visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The article presents a review of foreign cameras and lenses that work in these areas of the spectrum, and the results of research in the field of designing a wide angle reversible lens for the 1/3 ² camera. The authors consider problems of optimal choice of lens materials from different catalogues of optical glass, tproblems of creating optimization models in OPAL and ZEMAX programs, modeling tasks of antireflection coatings for operation in a wide range of the spectrum. The authors also provide a comparative analysis and comprehensive assessment of the image quality of a number of decisions.

Power Engineering

Suppression of turbulence with linear velocity profile in high-temperature plasma
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0453605
D.N. Karbyshev, V.I. Hvesyuk
The experiment showed effects of growth and destruction of drift waves which are directly responsible for plasma turbulence. As at the linear approximation of such waves the oscillation amplitude in the plasma is assumed to be small; it is impossible to to assess its value. The paper takes into account the amplitude finiteness of the drift wave and considers qualitatively the drift wave instability dynamics at nonlinear approximation. On the basis of this analysis it is shown that the presence of a linear velocity profile leads to wave breaking and suppression of turbulence. The authors obtained different characteristics depending on the nonlinear factor, increment of growth, wavelength, and initial amplitude.

Metallurgical Engineering

Promising method of low-energy materials processing using a magnetic field
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0454270
A.V. Komshina, A.S. Pomel'nikova
The authors give an analytical review of the work related to researches of influence of electromagnetic fields on the structure and properties of materials (dia-, para-and ferromagnetic). The authors provide a classification of effects caused by magnetic fields (constants, variables, pulse) and give classification methods of magnetic material processing. The authors compare the most significant results in this area and summarize prospective mechanisms of interaction of the magnetic field with materials.
Kinetics of carbon and nitrogen mass transfer in ionized atmospheres
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0452489
M.Yu. Semenov, A.E. Smirnov, P.N. Demidov, M.M. Lashnev
The regression dependence of the carbon and nitrogen potential on the acetylene temperature and concentration at saturation of iron and complex-alloy steels in glow discharge plasma was determined. The defining influence of the adsorption rate of acetylene molecules on the intensity of carbon mass transfer was revealed. The most probable reaction of acetylene dissociation was determined according to the analysis of experimental data, thermodynamic calculations and the structure of the acetylene molecule. The influence of the solid solution and the reaction mechanisms of saturation on the mass transfer kinetics of carbon during ion carburizing were described.

Transportation

Development of a systems approach to optimization of management of the aggregate value of transportation system
# 09, September 2012
DOI: 10.7463/0912.0483459
T.V. Postnikova
 Enterprises aimed at constant improvement of competitiveness of their products face a constant challenge to optimize the aggregate value of their operations. The author presents an approach to development of an organizational and economic model which allows a company to evaluate its activities in terms of its efficiency in the logistics infrastructure. The author describes an integrated solution to this problem by means of the developed algorithm and describes the necessary actions for each step of the algorithm. As an example of solving optimization of operational costs of an enterprise, the author analyzes inputs of the transport system. 

Education Sciences

Theory and Methodology of Professional Education (Higher Education)

77-48211/452571 Problems and prospects of innovative development of Russian universities
# 09, September 2012
E.A Manushin
The author shows the necessity of forming an innovative engineering education system and notes the tendency to increase prestigiousness of creative engineering work. The author considers the basic ideas of the concept of innovative engineering education as well as states their essence and proposes steps to implement it. The author also considers the main problems of higher education and shows students’ attitude towards education. The relationship between the basic training (in the form of a scientific discipline approach) with a multidisciplinary approach is shown in this article. The author justifies the necessity of appropriate content and organizational decisions.
Appendix

General Problems of Engineer Education

77-48211/476296 Profiling of bachelor training in "Computer Science" in the computer-aided design illustrated by the example of Bauman MSTU
# 09, September 2012
Yu.V. Berchun
 The article deals with questions of developing educational programs of higher education in conditions of  transition to a two-tier system of training. The author shows the necessity of introducing a system of bachelor profiles as the basis for building training programs for effective graduate and post-graduate work. The author provides an example of formation of profiles in computer-aided design in the areas of training 230100 << Computer Science and Engineering >> with regard to the educational standards at Bauman MSTU.
77-48211/520108 The worldwide CDIO initiative as a context of tertiary education
# 09, September 2012
A.M. Treschev, O.A. Sergeeva
The authors focus on the importance of tertiary education for increasing business competitiveness, paying special attention to the formation of lean thinking in all subjects of educational process. They also emphasize the necessity of using the standards of The Worldwide CDIO Initiative for constructing a new architecture of educational process.

Foreign Education

EUROPE: New EU Group Aims to Tackle Education Challenges
# 09, September 2012
The European Commission has launched a new high-level group on the modernisation of higher education, with seven leading academic and business figures. The group will address this issue as part of a comprehensive three-year review of the sector across the European Union (EU), writes Martin Banks for The Parliament.In its first year, the group will focus on how best to achieve excellence in teaching, and subsequently on how to adapt learning in the digital age.
INDONESIA: Universities Become Weak Link in Booming Economy
# 09, September 2012
Indonesia’s creaking university system is failing to keep pace with its booming economy. It is struggling to produce graduates equipped for modern working life in the South East Asian nation, writes Arlina Arshad for AFP.Investors have flocked to the fast-modernising country of 240 million people, attracted by its huge domestic market, rich natural resources and relatively low labour costs. But badly resourced universities mean quality graduates are a rare commodity in Indonesia.
MONGOLIA: State Universities Propose Steep Fee Increases
# 09, September 2012
Mongolia’s Minister of Education, Culture and Science L Gantumur met the directors of state universities on 19 August, with the main item on the agenda the issue of student fees and the quality of universities, writes M Zoljargal for The UB Post. Universities are proposing steep fee hikes.The rector of the National University of Mongolia (NUM), S Tumur-Ochir, stated: “The curriculum of postgraduate and graduate courses is being reformed from the new academic year of 2012. Also, the 70th anniversary of NUM is to be marked on 5 October this year.
NORWAY: Increasing Internationalisation in PhD Education
# 09, September 2012
A recent survey suggests that Norway boost its efforts to internationalise PhD education and includes the recommendation that for PhD dissertation evaluation, at least one member of the three-member committee should be drawn from outside Norway.A June report, PhD Education in a Knowledge Society: An evaluation of PhD education in Norway, maintains that Norway’s PhD education system is of a high quality, being well funded and well organised and offering “very good working and learning conditions for PhD candidates, as well as good career prospects”.The report was published by the Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU) and commissioned by the Research Council of Norway on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Research.It argues that since the previous similar evaluation in 2002, “Norway has taken a definitive step towards becoming a standardised PhD education system with a strong focus on monitoring quality and efficiency”.
CHINA: Shanghai Offers Incentives to Foreign Students
# 09, September 2012
Shanghai is encouraging foreign students to study at local universities with a package that includes scholarships and language training programmes. Municipal officials hope the number of foreign students will increase to 70,000 - a 45% gain - by 2015, writes Wang Hongyi for China Daily.The municipality will establish a comprehensive scholarship system to encourage outstanding students to study in the city, according to a Shanghai Municipal Education Commission development plan for 2011-15, unveiled last weekend. According to the plan, the city will increase the number of government-funded scholarships and add a full scholarship for undergraduates.

History of Progress

77-48211/442788 In Memory of Shizuo Takano – Mr. VHS
# 09, September 2012
V.P. Samokhin
 A brief overview of basic steps in developing the format VHS of the magnetic video tape recording, made in JVC under the guidance of Shizuo Takano, Japanese engineer and inventor, is presented. Some biographical information about S. Takano, as well as certain interesting facts from his life and work are given.
 
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